![]() Gray is hexaploid (2 n = 66), and Galium porrigens Dempster is diploid (2 n = 22). However, the only close relatives known to co-occur with the focal taxon differ in ploidy ( Dempster & Stebbins, 1968): El Dorado bedstraw is octoploid (2 n = 88), Galium bolanderi A. Because most of the close relatives of El Dorado bedstraw are dioecious ( Soza & Olmstead, 2010b), there is a stronger potential for interspecific genetic exchange than might be expected among perfect-flowered species capable of selfing. However, because it is dioecious, El Dorado bedstraw depends on pollinators to transfer pollen from male to female flowers. It is not known how frequent sexual versus asexual reproduction is in El Dorado bedstraw. In this mode of reproduction, each seedling has the ability to form a group of genetically identical individuals (hereafter referred to as a genet) in which all stems (hereafter referred to as ramets) are derived clonally from the same original seed ( Harper, 1977). Background map data © 2020 Google.Įl Dorado bedstraw is thought to reproduce vegetatively via branch layering ( USFWS, 1996). For more information on locales, see Table 1 and Table S1. Grid dimensions on the background map are in degrees of latitude and longitude (WGS84 datum). Lloyd) and Layne’s ragwort ( Packera layneae (Greene) W.A. Knight), Pine Hill flannelbush ( Fremontodendron decumbens R. The endangered taxa include Stebbins’ morning-glory ( Calystegia stebbinsii Brummitt), Pine Hill ceanothus ( Ceanothus roderickii W. El Dorado bedstraw is one of five federally threatened or endangered plants that are associated with gabbro-derived soils of the Pine Hill area, a region well known for its elevated botanical diversity and endemism ( Wilson, 1986 Hunter & Horenstein, 1991 USFWS, 2002 Wilson et al., 2009). Because it is restricted to gabbro-derived soil, this taxon is considered an edaphic-endemic (soil-limited) taxon. It occurs only on soil derived from gabbro rock of the Pine Hill Formation ( Wilson, 1986 Hunter & Horenstein, 1991 USFWS, 2002 Wilson et al., 2009). El Dorado bedstraw occurs mainly in the understory of forest and chaparral habitat ( Soza, 2012). sierrae Dempster and Stebbins (hereafter referred to by its common name, El Dorado bedstraw) is a federally endangered perennial herb found only in the Pine Hill region of El Dorado County, CA, USA ( Fig. It is recommended that clonality and small-scale population differentiation be taken into account in conservation measures. Insect pollinators were from eleven families, consisting mainly of small species with weak flight. Significant isolation by distance among locations was detected using a Mantel test. A total of 23 clonal colonies were detected across 82 successfully sequenced stems, consisting of an average of 2.4 individuals (range: 2–6). Visual observation of insect visitors at every sampling location was used to assess the potential for pollen transfer within and among locations. Genomic data was used to calculate population genetic statistics and quantify the degree to which clonality affects the sampled populations. Here, double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing was used to develop a genetic dataset for a sample of El Dorado bedstraw (12 individuals from each of seven locations). No previous work has examined either the population genetics or pollination biology of this plant. The capacity for asexual reproduction has conservation implications for this plant, due to the potential for populations to become dominated by a small number of clones in the absence of recruitment from seeds. El Dorado bedstraw is also dioecious, and thus dependent on pollinators to transfer pollen from male to female stems. Like many species of Galium, El Dorado bedstraw is capable of both sexual and asexual reproduction, spreading via stem-layering as well as seeds. sierrae) is a federally endangered dioecious, octoploid, perennial herb found only in the Pine Hill region of El Dorado County, CA, USA. El Dorado bedstraw ( Galium californicum subsp.
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